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Hong Kong’s ‘Occupy’ Protesters Stay Put in Central

Reporters: Cherry Ge, Dorothy Goh, Margaret Ng
Editor: Samuel Chan

 

In response to the worldwide “Occupy” movement that began in New York’s Wall Street, Hong Kong activists began to occupy the city’s business on October 15th 2011.

In front of the headquarters of HSBC there are posters and boards displaying messages of their protest. “Humanity needs awakening” and “End the local Monetary System” are just two examples of the many slogans.

The occupiers come from all walks of life and share a common goal: to bring an end to the current model of capitalism and social inequality. For four months, these protestors have been camping in Central day and night; they say they are here to stay.

The protestors work together; helping one another to solve the everyday problems they face living away from the relative comfort and privacy of their homes.

“Occupy Central” is at its liveliest at night. This is when most activists return to base after a day at school or work. During the day, those who stay behind can usually be seen hanging up banners, handing out leaflets or quietly going about their business.

To pass the time and for leisure, they engage in activities of their own interest, such as playing the guitar and conducting yoga lessons. They hold regular meetings to review the current situation and come up with possible solutions for the problems they face.

Everything is discussed extensively before a consensus is reached. The occupation is a group effort. There are no leaders; just different people working to ensure that they succeed in working towards their goal.

The protestors are not alone in their endeavours. Ready support comes from volunteers who bring food, drinks and even cooking utensils. Some even come to cook for them.

On the whole, the occupiers are satisfied with their camping life. But they do have encounter practical difficulties, such as taking a bath. In order to shower, they have to take a 10-minute walk across several paths before finally reaching a public washroom at a public sports facility.

Many of the occupiers are university students and KY is one of them. He spends his mornings in school, and the rest of the day back in Central. He prefers to live here rather than at home. He is says he feels a greater sense of freedom here becaue he can do whatever he wants and says whatever he likes. “I like living here, it’s really comfortable!” KY says.

He has had to go home thrice to fetch his belongings but he does not mind the traveling back and forth. Nor does he worry about being arrested by the police, instead, he wonders what he would do with all his stuff if that happened. “With the amount of stuff I have here right now, I don’t know what I’d do if I got arrested by the police.”

Barrier-free Access for Disabled Students on HK Campuses?

Reporters: Carmen Shih, Yvonne Yeung, Christine Tai
Editors: Andrew Choi, Jasmine Wong

 

 

On Information Day at a local university, a wheelchair user who wants to know more about the faculties and departments, stares at the information booths in frustration. The booths are on a podium which can only be reached by stairs.

Yet, with increasing awareness of equal learning opportunities and advanced technologies that aid learning, the number of students with disabilities enrolled in Hong Kong’s universities has increased in recent years.

According to the University Grant Committee (UGC), the number of students with disabilities admitted into UGC-funded institutions rose from 121 in 2004/2005 to 213 in 2008/2009, but decreased slightly to 195 in 2009/2010.

“When choosing a university to study at, students with disabilities will put the subject as their first priority,” said Pepper Wu, the Director of the PHAB [Physically Handicapped and Able-Bodied] Institute. She said if universities provide similar courses, students will consider their provision of barrier-free facilities in deciding where to study.

The government issued a Design Manual on barrier-free access in 1998 and revised it in 2008. These state that university buildings built after 1998 should provide facilities that enable people with disabilities to get around, such as providing tactile guide paths and ramps.

Apart from these basic facilities, students with disabilities need more infrastructure in hostels. For example, the rod inside a wardrobe has to be specially designed to allow wheelchair users to easily hang their clothes. The height of beds and desks also need to be customised.

Kenny So Wai-kin, who has Cerebral Palsy is a graduate of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He remembers how the school renovated some parts of the hostel where he stayed to meet his needs. “Before [I entered], there was no handrail inside the bathtub. As the bathtub was always slippery, bathing could be very dangerous for someone like me,” he says.

While getting around the campus and living in student digs are a part of university life, learning is also central. So spent a lot of time in the library but he found it hard to look for books. He was unable to reach books on the top self. “You can ask librarians for help, but you may not know if the book you’ve taken is the one you need,” he says.

With a computerised library catalogue, So was able to search for some of the books in advance, but still it was better to ask for help from a friend.

Using library services can also be a challenge for students with visual impairment. Celia Yip, who graduated from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2004, has low vision. “The library did not have facilities that could help people who are visually impaired. Usually when you are looking for a book, you have to ask others for help,” she says.

Computers and the internet have become central to learning. So appropriate hardware and computer software should be installed to aid learning, such as screen magnifiers and screen reading software.

A barrier-free university environment not only refers to accessibility for all but also acceptance and support from the able-bodied. Even though students with disabilities make up a small proportion of the total university student population, they should not be isolated and their needs should be considered.

In order to remind the majority of students, some universities are adding the promotion of inclusive life as a topic in their curriculum. Greater awareness combined with the available infrastructure would go a long way towards creating a truly barrier-free university community.

Artist Village in Wan Chai

Reporters: Lotus Lau, Billy Leung, Charlie Leung
Editor: Jennifer Kwok

Foo Tak Building in Wan Chai looks like any other old tenement building. It is easily overshadowed by Wan Chai’s flashy new blocks and impressive heritage buildings. But behind its ordinary appearance, Foo Tak has much more to offer.

Foo Tak Building was built in 1968. After a major renovation in 2003, the building’s main landlady no longer wanted to run it as a residential building. This was when she encountered the cultural critic and video artist May Fung Mei-wah in a conference about local artists. It was then that she suddenly came up with the idea of turning Foo Tak Building into an artists’ village.

But it takes more than enthusiasm and financial means to do the job. Lacking knowledge of and insights into the cultural circle, the landlady enlisted Fung, who has been working in the art circle for years and has extensive experience and networks in the field. She then took a back seat and let Fung do the screening of artists.

“I act like a middleman. Studios in factories buildings and art villages were not common at that time so I helped her.” says Fung.

Fung says the criteria for selecting tenants is simple: any artist or cultural group who is too poor to afford to rent a place at market rates and has a clear goal for their work is eligible to move in. Over the years, she has selected numerous artists – from painters, indie movie-makers to publishers, Foo Tak has them all.

Since 2008, Fung has been joined by Kobe Ho Ting-ting, to manage Foo Tak’s affairs. Ho also runs a bookstore named Art and Culture Outreach (ACO) on the first floor.

The books available here are very different from those in mainstream bookstores. You will not find any bestsellers because Ho only sells books that are generally neglected yet important.

With the help of her partner Sunny Chan Dart-sun, Ho started a small restaurant, Slow Experience in March this year. Unlike ordinary restaurants in Hong Kong, it is set up with a progressive vision of promoting sustainable development through dining..

None of these could have happened were it not for the existence of Foo Tak Building. “There would be no Slow experience without Foo Tak Building,” says Ho, “If we didn’t have this space in Foo Tak Building, we wouldn’t have the platform to promote this new experience to the citizens.”

The Foo Tak model runs counter to that of a top-down scheme put forward by the government. It allows for greater flexibility and freedom which encourages mutual trust between owner and tenants. For Ho, this is what makes Food Tak Building stand out from the crowd.

Vincent Chui Wan-Shun, Artistic Director of Ying E Chi, a group that promotes and distributes local independent films, is one of the tenants here. Chui says his rent is astonishingly cheap for Wan Chai. But apart from that, he also appreciates the relaxed management style of Foo Tak Building which enables things to develop organically. Chui believes this can be more fruitful than government involvement.

“The Hong Kong government can’t solve the problem by just throwing some money now and again,” says Chui, “Many times, the community can also do a good job, and it’d be great if [the government] could put some resources into advancing the community’s work.”

Another artist to benefit from Foo Tak is Roy Tsui, one of the founders of the monthly pamphlet, Black Paper. Tsui says what sets Foo Tak apart is the warmth of the relationships between those who work in the building..

“You can’t find this kind of interaction in any IFC office,” says Tsui, “This is what’s so valuable apart from the cheap rent.”

As the old Chinese saying goes “things work the best when you don’t force it”, this definitely applies to the Foo Tak artists’ village.

Dancing Life

Reporters: Jennifer Xu, Joana U, Stephanie Chan
Editor: Hazel Chung

Many Hong Kong parents might be worried if their kids told them they wanted to become dancers. The perception is that dancers are people who did not excel academically and did not have many choices after leaving school.

In reality, many dancers are graduates who have given up potentially lucrative professions to work hard at pursuing their dreams.

Ho Ka-yan an Economics graduate inform the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), says she followed society’s prescribed routine by studying for a degree. But she never liked it. Instead, dancing is what makes her feel alive and gives her a sense of self.

This caused tensions in her relationship with members of her family because they equated dancing with “being bad”. However, she thinks they should support her instead, since she is confident that she has found the most meaningful and valuable thing in her life.

Cheung Tsz-kwan, who is studying Business Administration at CUHK, is also passionate about dance. She wants to teach it as she enjoys sharing and inspiring others through doing what she loves.

Cheung says she will finish her studies because a degree will her safety net. But she has no ambitions to get a job at a big company and work steadily up the corporate ladder. Instead she just wants to find a stable job that will allow her to carry on dancing in her spare time.

Cheung admits that her dance schedule of five to six sessions a week does not leave her much time to study. Instead of what she gets out of dance, she can only list what dance takes out of her – time and energy. Still, she is compelled to do it because her passion for dancing means she is prepared to make sacrifices.

Perhaps Cheung can take a leaf out of Fiona Chan’s book. Chan graduated from the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong and now works as a part-time dancer and full-time clerk.

Chan has been dedicated to dance since she was a student. At university, she worked very hard as a private tutor to earn enough money to join an exchange programme in America. There, she met and danced with world-renowned professional dancers.

Chan works hard to achieve a work-life balance. She insists that instead of tiring her out after work, dancing gives her a fresh burst of energy. A physically demanding session of dance energises her for another day of work.

Dance gives her more self-confidence and self-assurance. Without it, Chan says she would have been a very shy person, someone who did not do well at school and who would have been looked down upon by her peers. For Fiona Chan, dance was a turning point in life. “I can’t say dance is my life, but dance changes my life,” she says.

Hong Kong Bikers Shrug off Gang Stereotypes

Reporters: Sandy Ho, Gienne Lee, Krizto Chan
Editor: Victor Chan

Motorbikes and scooters are a common enough sight in Hong Kong. Often they are ridden by couriers and delivery workers.

The sight of riders on large bikes, wearing matching uniforms bearing flashy Harley-Davison logos roaring through Tsim Sha Tsui are a rarer picture. Heads turn as the group zooms through the busy streets.

But this is no fearsome biker gang. It is a group of biking enthusiasts from all walks of life.

Physician Leung Kai-man is one of them. He says that contrary to the perception most motorbikers are uneducated, unsavoury types, the group includes doctors, businessmen, a choreography instructor, an architect and a coach. “We talk about everything at gatherings. It’s not only about motorbikes.”

Dr Leung adds their activities are not all about thrill-seeking,“We organized charity rides and asked for permission beforehand,” he says.

Dr Leung spends time and money on refitting his motorbikes – like repainting, upgrading engines and attaching logos. It is a labour of love but he does worry his passion for bikes might disturb the neighbours because the engines are so loud.

“The neighbors should come to get you!” jokes his wife, who like him is also a doctor and a biking enthusiast..

Dr Leung Man-ching says motorbikes do not have to be macho. They are also for women.

“Motorbiking is a lifestyle. It can be applied to fashion and everything,” she says as she shows off her collection of pink helmets and cutesy masks for motorbiking.

Varsity December 2011 – Editor’s Note

Bygones are not bygones

Be it universal suffrage or the minimum wage, Hong Kongers hotly debate the big issues every day. We show our interest in various issues and stories by watching the news on television or reading newspapers and magazines.

But our attention span does not usually last for long and our interest in the issue of the day will wane. It may be considered a luxury for an issue or a person to grasp the media’s attention for more than three days.

Issues and characters that once formed part of Hong Kong’s pre-1997 landscape and mediascape have faded from our consciousness. Take the Kuomintang (KMT) presence in Hong Kong, the Gurkha soldiers and refugees and asylum seekers – they have been all but forgotten.

In December’s issue, Varsity delves into the stories of these forgotten groups.

The Kuomintang, or Nationalist party used to have many active supporters in Hong Kong. Their influence extended to cultural spheres such as the cinema and to organizations such as schools and labour unions. By the time of the handover, and even more so after 1997,  KMT followers and activities are hardly seen. We talked to some KMT supporters to see if they still have the Nationalist fervour.

Gurkhas were stationed in Hong Kong right up to the final days of the British colony.   After 1997, some of the soldiers chose to live in Hong Kong, though many others chose to leave. However, their children have returned to make their lives here.  We look at some of the problems they encounter when they make Hong Kong their home.

We also look at how refugees and asylum seekers struggle to survive under the government’s refugee policy. The issue of refugees was a prominent one when boatloads of asylum seekers from Vietnam arrived in Hong Kong starting from the 1970s. With the ‘settlement’ of the Vietnamese boat people issue, refugees  in Hong Kong have faded from the public eye.

In the People section, we profile the painter and actor Chan Min-leung and activist Vivian Leung Tai Yuet-kam. Chan is perhaps better recognized as a TV villain but he shows Varsity what a dedicated artist he is.  Leung is an unlikely activist, a homemakers who always is not afraid to stand up for what she believes in and puts her words into action.

Enjoy!

 

 

 

Victor Chan
Managin Editor

 


White Sun Sets in Hong Kong

Kuomintang presence and influence have waned since 1997, but Nationalist sympathies remain alive in Hong Kong.

Reporter: Margaret Ng Yee Man,Christine Tai

Outside a two-storey house, tucked away in Zhongshan Park in Tuen Mun, some 200 people gathered in front of a memorial bust of Sun Yat-sen on October 10 to raise the flag and sing the anthem of the Republic of China (R.O.C.). Their display of patriotic fervour was to mark the annual Double Tenth Festival and, more particularly, the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai revolution which saw the overthrow of China’s last imperial rulers.

The house, known as Red House, was one of the command centres from where Sun, the man regarded as the father of modern China, planned uprisings and coups against the Manchu government between 1901 and 1911.

Through Sun and his fellow revolutionaries, Hong Kong developed strong historical links with the republican revolution in mainland China. Later, it would also have links with the party founded by Sun, the Kuomintang (KMT), or Nationalist Party. Those links grew after the ruling KMT was defeated by the Chinese Communist Party and forced to retreat to Taiwan in 1949.

The then British colony became a haven for thousands of KMT soldiers. They were first settled in refugee centres in Kai Lung Wan on Hong Kong Island. However, the colonial government decided to move the Nationalists to a more remote spot after riots broke out on October 10, 1956 when government officers tried to remove R.O.C. flags in Lei Cheng Uk. The community was moved to Rennie’s Mill, now known as Tiu Keng Leng.

This enclave came to symbolize the KMT in Hong Kong in the minds of many Hong Kong people. But it was not the only place where the KMT’s presence was felt in the colony.

Chang Chak-yan, who teaches Asian comparative politics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, says the KMT organised many social activities in Hong Kong before 1997. The colonial government was tolerant of the activities as long as they were not too overtly political.

In fact, it did not take long after 1949 for the KMT’s influence to spread through Hong Kong society. In the early years after the civil war, the territory became a propaganda battleground between the rival governments in Taipei and Beijing.

The R.O.C.’s flag symbolising a white sun in a blue sky and the red earth flew freely in the New Territories and KMT-subsidized schools like Hong Kong Tak Ming College and Chu Hai College of Higher Education were established along with pro-Taiwan trade unions like the Kowloon and Hong Kong Trades Union Council.

Once We Were Warriors

Hong Kong’s Gurkha Brigades left in 1997, but the soldiers’ children are returning to make Hong Kong home

Reporter: Yvonne Yeung, Cherry Ge

As Hong Kong prepared for the handover of sovereignty from Britain to China in 1997, a military band played “Sunset” on their bagpipes on a polo field in Sek Kong, Yuen Long.

The date was November 1, 1996 and the men were “beating retreat”, a military ceremony to mark the end of the 48-year presence of the Gurkha brigades in Hong Kong.

It is now 14 years since the territory’s 700 Gurkha servicemen were redeployed but their legacy lives on in Hong Kong’s small but growing Nepali community, and in the annual Trailwalker charity event.

“It will be legendary if we can see Gurkhas competing against the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in the 30th anniversary Oxfam challenge in Hong Kong,” says Danny Thapa. Thapa, now 57, served in the British Army for 20 years, from 1972 to 1992. He was one of the men involved in mapping out the original Trailwalker route.

Trailwalker began in 1981 as a British army training exercise led by the Hong Kong Gurkha Signals Squadron. The exercise raised HK$80,000 to help the Spastics Association of Hong Kong and build a library in a poor Nepalese village.

In 1986, teams of civilians were allowed to take part and Oxfam Hong Kong was brought in to help organize the event. Oxfam Trailwalker has since become one of the largest fundraising sports events in Hong Kong. It is also held in 11 other countries around the world.

An event that tests physical and mental endurance and teamwork, Trailwalker symbolizes the Gurkha spirit.

“Better to die than be a coward” is the motto of the fearsome Nepalese fighters, who became an integral part of the British Army. The name “Gurkha” comes from the hill town of Gorkha, the ancestral hometown of the Nepalese royal family.

Gurkha soldiers fought on the frontline for the British army for 200 years. They participated in the two World Wars, and were assigned to Hong Kong, where their security duties included patrolling the border to prevent the entry of illegal immigrants from the mainland.

After the handover in 1997, the regiment moved to the United Kingdom. Only a few ex-servicemen chose to remain in Hong Kong and make their living here.

Danny Thapa was one of them. After leaving the army in 1992, he got a job as a manager in the manufacturing sector. He says the transition was challenging but not one that he could not overcome. “It takes time to adjust, as we have to face the world as an individual rather than a unit,” he recalls.

Thapa says the Gurkhas who stayed in Hong Kong served in a variety of roles in the military. Most of them were in the infantry but there were also significant numbers of engineers, logisticians and signals specialists.

In the army, Thapa gained knowledge and experience in communications and  electronics, which gave him a wider choice of employment in civilian life. “The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) provided education for related trades and training in the army in order to make sure each serviceman was capable of surviving even after they resign,” he says.

Living in Limbo

Refugees and asylum-seekers in Hong Kong struggle to survive under the government’s current refugee policy.

Reporters: Lotus Lau , John Yip

For many people in Hong Kong, the word “refugee” conjures up images of violent riots at detention camps and people being carried kicking and screaming onto airplanes to be repatriated to their home country.

Starting in the mid 1970s and throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s, boat loads of Vietnamese refugees and asylum seekers arrived in Hong Kong. They were fleeing persecution and seeking a better life in the countries of the West.

“Bắt đầu từ nay”, meaning “beginning from now” became the only Vietnamese phrase most people in Hong Kong knew. It was the opening phrase from a broadcast on public radio here, warning asylum seekers and migrants that they would be repatriated to Vietnam.

By 2000, most of the 200,000 Vietnamese boat people in Hong Kong had either been granted asylum in western countries or repatriated and around 1,400 refugees and migrants were allowed to settle in the territory.

Society at large considered Hong Kong’s refugee “problem” to be over and the issue of refugees faded from public consciousness.

Yet, Hong Kong continues to be a refuge for people fleeing persecution. According to the United Nations High Commission Refugees (UNHCR) there are currently more than 700 refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong.

The UNHCR defines a refugee as a person with a “well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion,” who is unable to return to their country because of that fear.

Adam, a refugee who refused to disclose his real name, left his family and travelled across half the world from East Africa to Hong Kong seven years ago. He had been persecuted in his home country for alleged political subversion and was eager to seek peace and safety here.

Adam was lucky in being granted refugee status just five days after his arrival. Some other asylum seekers may have to wait for two to three years on average. At first, he felt very grateful just for the safety he enjoyed here. As time went by, he began to want more out of life but Hong Kong could only provide the minimal for survival.

Refugees in Hong Kong are taken care of by the United Nations (UN). The UN provides financial aid through the Hong Kong branch of the International Social Service Hong Kong Branch (ISS-HK). To ensure refugees’ basic shelter and food needs are met, they are given HK$1,500 for rent, which is paid directly to their landlords, and another HK$1,200 for food, transport and other daily necessities.